Perennial is a term that refers to any plant that lives through multiple years. Most perennials grow and flower during spring and summer and die back over the winter. Though technically, trees and shrubs are perennial, the term most commonly refers to herbaceous plants that live for more than two years.

To prepare a bed for planting perennials, the gardener must always first amend the soil. Till in plenty of organic matter to loosen any clay and to provide perennials with lots of nutrients. Make sure to observe proper spacing when planting perennials. Keep in mind that many can get quite large, although they can be controlled and contained through pruning. Many perennials, like bee balm (Mondarda didyma) do well to be cut back almost to the ground, in the fall, to stimulate new growth the following spring and avoid mildew over the winter.

Planting perennials strategically can be a great way to have flowers in bloom all year long. Early bulbs, like dutch crocus (Crocus vernus) provide the season’s first peak of color. Other perennials bloom later and can be planted nearby to keep a bed in flower. Iris (Iris germanica) does well in zone 5 and usually flowers in late spring, lasting for a few weeks. Some late-bloomers include the many types of Shasta daisies with their fragrant, bushy blossoms, and coneflower (Echinacea sp.), which attracts many bees and butterflies to the garden. By interspersing multiple varieties, it is possible to create a colorful arrangement of blossoms all season long.

When choosing what perennials to plant, keep in mind that the winters can be harsh on plants. Mulching heavily over perennials can be a great way to insulate them over the winter. Cutting back dead plant material will stave off mold and other damage. Keep our last frost date in mind, when planting perennials; it’s usually in late May. Most perennials do better if they wait until after the date of the last frost has passed, before being planted.

Most perennials will need to be thinned or divided, after a few years. Otherwise, their roots become too numerous and entangled to grow properly. This is an easy way to get more plants for your dollar! Divided perennials can be replanted, giving the gardener new plants to populate the yard.
Perennials can be a lovely, reliable way to get healthy growth and beautiful flowers from your garden every year, without having to plan and buy plants all over again. Keep your favorites well-attended and you will have a lovely garden year after year.